Brain Surgery Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brain Surgery - Personal Statement Example It was such a beautiful evening full of happiness with birds chirping in the trees. It was almost the end of my children's summer holidays when I decided to take them to the carnival and fulfill all their wishes of the day. Usually, I would stop them from eating too much of candy; but I announced that day to be theirs and let them do whatever they liked. I had recently lost my job. Providing for my family became very difficult; my children's school fee and books along with my wife's daily necessities became almost impossible. I had no immediate family to ask for help. However, my wife's unconditional love and support helped me to stay composed and not bring a halt to my search for a new job. Unaware of the dark future, I had promised my kids a holiday to Disneyland right before I had lost my job. Finally, when the time to fulfill the promise had arrived, there was a severe shortage of funds. Breaking the news of the cancellation of the holiday to my kids was such a heart shattering task that I could not stop the tears from rolling down my cheeks. The disappointment on their innocent faces, tears in their sparkling eyes and the knowledge of the fact that the cause for all this was my own irresponsibility was enough for a nervous breakdown. A month had passed without any news from any company that I had applied to for a job. My stress level was rapidly increasing and I was having almost continuous headaches. The headaches were so excruciatingly painful that I would lose total control over myself. My anger management had become awful and I would yell at my wife and kids for the slightest reasons. In order to make up for the holiday and all my yelling, I had decided to bring them to this carnival for a change in mood and atmosphere. But to the greatest disappointment, the day that I had wanted to become the best day of their lives turned out to be the worst. When the world has gone black that day at the carnival, it was customized - just for me. It was not the world that has blacked out, it was me. I had blacked out and fallen on the ground with my family glued to the ground in shock and trepidation. I was not aware of my surrounding as I lay unconscious on the ground; I was narrated the entire incident by my wife who kept sobbing throughout. I was taken to the ER of the nearby hospital called Happy Holy Hospital. The doctors had taken a good half an hour to examine me but could not diagnose the problem. They had to admit me in the hospital and run many tests and x-rays. It took two days for them to study the reports and reach a conclusion. All this time, I was unconscious and my family had become desperate for answers. Eventually, the doctors told my wife that I had a neurological disease called the sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. They suggested to my wife that it was best for me to have the surgery called 'Burr Hole Craniotomy' done as soon as possible as I was not gaining consciousness and that could lead to death. According to reports, 60 percent of such patients die within 30 days, while 10 percent die immediately without warning (Jallo, 2007). My wife was worried about the cost as neurosurgeries are very expensive and only half of them are successful. It was also dangerous because we could not

Mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mind - Essay Example I certify that, except where cited in the text, this work is the result of research carried out by the author of this study. The main content of the study which has been presented contains work that has not previously been reported anywhere. This written report is for an assignment about software for collaborative work and phenomenological analysis. The assignment is divided into two activities. Activity 1 deals with the evaluation of the software Timbuktu, which is a remote control and secure encrypted connection software that is used for network management on large and distributed networks. Activity 2 of the assignment presents a brief discussion about phenomenological analysis under the Activity 2 for this part. The software Timbuktu is desktop-to-desktop remote control software for use with computers that have the Windows or the Macintosh operating systems. This software is useful for large distributed networks in which hundreds of computers are linked together over a network that has a substantial spatial spread. Because of the spatial spread, it is likely to be difficult for network maintenance or administrative staff to traverse substantial distances to troubleshoot computers or to load files onto the machines. Timbuktu makes it possible for remote computers to be manipulated through network interconnection with a local computer. This is a great help when very many computers have to be looked after, but it must be noted that at the time of writing, Timbuktu is not available specifically for the Vista operating system, although it is likely that the capability of Vista to run legacy software systems will permit Timbuktu to be used on machines with this operating system. Complimentary media can be considered as being a communications media which is capable of replacing the established or the traditional or which is capable of providing support for

Sickle Cell Disease Essay Example for Free

Sickle Cell Disease Essay Sickle-Cell Anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin. These hemoglobin molecules tend to aggregate after unloading oxygen forming long, rod-like structures that force the red cells to assume a sickle shape. Unlike normal red cells, which are usually smooth and malleable, the sickle red cells cannot squeeze through small blood vessels. When the sickle cells block small blood vessels, the organs are deprived of blood and oxygen. This leads to periodic episodes of pain and damages the vital organs. Sickle red cells die after only about 10 to 20 days. Instead of the usual 120 days because they cannot be replaced fast enough, the blood is chronically short of red cells, causing anemia. The gene for sickle cell anemia must be inherited from both parents for the illness to occur in children. A child with only one copy of the gene may have sickle-cell traits but no symptoms of illness. Normally healthy blood cells are round shaped blood cells, they move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. People with sickle-cell disease their blood cells are not round they are become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a â€Å"sickle†. The sickle cells die early, which causes a constant shortage of red blood cells. Also, when they travel through small blood vessels, they get stuck and clog the blood flow. This can cause pain and other serious problems like infection, acute chest syndrome and stroke. Some of the common names for sickle-c ell disease are HbS disease, Hemoglobin S Disease, SCD, Sickle cell disorders, Sickle disorder due to hemoglobin S, and Anemia-Sickle Cell; Hemoglobin SS Disease (Hb SS). Sickle-cell disease is mostly inherited by African Americans, Mediterranean countries; Greece, Turkey, and Italy; the Arabian Peninsula, India, and Spanish-speaking regions; South America, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean. The three most common forms of the disease in the United States are Hemoglobin SS or sickle cell anemia, Hemoglobin SC disease, and Hemoglobin sickle beta-thalassemia (a form of Cooleys anemia). â€Å"Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans. The disease is estimated to occur in 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic Americans.† A person with the sickle cell trait does not have (and will never have) sickle cell disease. However, the presence of the trait may impact his/her children. A person with the trait carries one abnormal  hemoglobin gene inherited from one parent (S, E, C, etc.) and one normal hemoglobin gene from the other parent (type A ). Typically, sickle cell trait is the presence of hemoglobin AS.Sickle cell disease is not contagious; you cannot catch it. You inherit it from your parents. If, for example, one parent has normal hemoglobin ( type AA) and the second parent has abnormal hemoglobin ( type AS, or the sickle cell trait), there is a 50% chance that each child will have the sickle cell trait, but they will not have sickle cell disease ( type SS). The symptoms of sickle-cell disease usually occur after the age of 4 months. Painful episodes called crises- lasting hours to days; cause pain in the bone of the back, long bones, and chest. When the anemia becomes more severe, symptoms may be fatigue, paleness, rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, and yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice). Younger children with sickle cell anemia have attacks of abdominal pain. Abdominal pain is pain that you feel anywhere between your chest and groin. This is often referred to as the stomach region or belly. These are the symptoms, and sometimes crises can happen once a year or few times every year. The following symptoms may occur because small blood vessels may become blocked by the abnormal cells painful and prolonged erection (priapism), poor eyesight or blindness, problems with thinking or confusion caused by small strokes, and Ulcers on the lower legs (in adolescents and adults). Over time, the spleen no longer works. As a result, people with sickle cell anemia may have symptoms of infections like Bone infection (osteomyelitis), Gallbladder infection (cholecystitis), Lung infection (pneumonia), and Urinary tract infection. Other symptoms may include delayed growth and puberty, and painful joints caused by arthritis. Tests commonly performed to diagnose and monitor patients with sickle cell anemia are Bilirubin, Blood oxygen, Complete blood count (CBC), Hemoglobin electrophoresis, Serum creatinine, Serum potassium, and Sickle cell test. The treatments for people with sickle-cell disease are blood transfusions (may also be given regularly to prevent stroke), pain medicines, plenty of fluids, and Hydroxyurea (Hydrea). Hydroxyurea is a medicine that may help reduce the number of pain episodes (including chest pain and difficulty breathing) in some people. Antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections, which are common in children with sickle cell disease dialysis or kidney transplant for kidney disease, counseling for psychological complications,  gallbladder removal in people with gallstone disease, hip replacement for avascular necrosis of the hip, surgery for eye problems, treatment for overuse or abuse of narcotic pain medicines, and wound care for leg ulcers. For treatment some of the vaccinations are Haemophilus influenza vaccine (Hib), Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). There are a few common organizations that support sickle-cell they are American Sickle Cell Anemia Association, National Heart, Blood and Lung Institution, Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, U.S Center of Disease Control Prevention. Many people have been affected by S ickle-Cell Anemia and only a couple are cured. Although African Americans have a high occurrence of Sickle-Cell Anemia (1 in 500 African Americans), many other nationalities suffer from the disease. Sickle-Cell Anemia affects 8 out of 100,000 people worldwide. Sickle-Cell Anemia should start to be noticed, if not throughout the entire world, then at least America. The more awareness there is for this disease, the fewer death rates we will have as a country. Bibliography http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000527.htm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003120.htm http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell-disease http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/heart/sickle_cell_anemia.html#a_Causes_of_Sickle_Cell_Disease http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/treatments.html

Patients With Neurologic Dysfunction Health And Social Care Essay

Patients With Neurologic Dysfunction Health And Social Care Essay Keshin Himura is a 42-year-old patient diagnosed with pituitary prolactinoma, a benign tumor that arises from the pituitary gland, resulting in a decrease in libido and impotence and increased milk production of the breast. The patient also has complaints of headache and drowsiness and the presence of visual field changes and papilledema preoperatively. What postoperative care should the nurse provide the patient? The nurse should provide the following postoperative care to the patient: Evaluate gag reflex and ability to swallow Offer semisoft diet Perform neurologic checks Monitor vital signs Maintain neurologic flow chart Reorient patient when necessary to person, time and place If with seizures, carefully monitor and and protect from injury Check motor function at intervals Assess for sensory disturbances Evaluate speech The patients family asks the nurse how will they know that the problems the patient had before surgery have stopped; what is the nurses best response? Through observation, conducting series of test that will be provided by the physician (e.g. MRI, CT scans) to check if the tumors are already diminished, because presence of tumor will still inhibit the signs and symptoms of the disorder. The primary objective of the surgical intervention is to remove or destroy the entire tumor without increasing the neurologic deficit and to relieve symptoms by decompression. And if there is no evidence of tumor, the normal levels of hormone would return in usual, the patient will no longer experience the symptoms of the disease. What management strategies should the nurse anticipate will be ordered to care for diabetes insipidus if it occurs? The objective of the therapy is: To replace ADH To ensure adequate fluid replacement To correct the underlying intracranial problem (pituitary prolactinoma) A fluid deprivation test is ordered by the physician to confirm for the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus by: withholding fluids by 8 to 12 hours Patient is weighed frequently during the test Plasma and urine osmolality studies are performed at the beginning and end of the test. The inability to increase the specific gravity and osmolality of the urine is an indication of Diabetes insipidus Pharmacologic Therapy Administer Desmopressin (DDAVP) intranasally, BID as ordered Nursing Management Establish baseline data ( weight, BP, I/O patter), Monitor BP and weight frequently throughout therapy and report sudden changes to physician Monitor I/O and specific gravity and serum osmolality as ordered If patient has Coronary artery disease, use this drug with caution as this drug causes vasoconstriction Avoid concentrated fluids as this increase urine volume What discharge instructions should the nurse provide the patient and family? Most patients will spend at least one night in the intensive care unit (ICU) and then typically 2 or 3 additional nights on a regular (non-ICU) ward after surgery The patient will likely have some incisional pain and mild to moderate headache for which he will be given pain medication. A CT scan or MRI will be ordered before discharge Ask patient to return 2-3weeks after surgery Inform patient to return 2-3months after 1st check-up Inform family to watch out for signs of DI (intense thirst, frequent urination). Refer immediately Management of Patients with Neurologic Dysfunction  Ã‚   Case Study 2 Hiehachi Nishima, a 22-year-old patient who weighs 150 pounds, presents to the emergency department (ED) after being thrown from his horse and passing out for a few minutes; he regained consciousness. The friend who was also riding a horse called the squad. The patient presented with a GCS of 15, and the neuro exam was within normal limits (WNL). The ED physician wrote the orders for a CT scan without contrast of the head, CBC, renal and metabolic profile, PT, PTT, and INR. The nurse sent the labs and had the IV of NS at keep-open rate per ED protocol hanging. The nurse was awaiting radiology to call for the patient to go for the CT when the patient had an epileptic cry, became unconscious, stiffened his entire body, and then had violent muscle contractions. The respirations are very shallow, and the lips and nail bed became blue. The patient lost control of bladder and bowel. The patient bit his tongue and blood is coming from the mouth. The radiology department calls and is ready f or the patient. List in the correct order the actions that should be taken by the nurse. Before and during a seizure, the patient is assessed and the following items are documented: The circumstances before the seizure The occurrence of aura The first thing the patient does in the seizure where movements or stiffness begins, conjugate gaze position, position of head The type of movements in the part of the body involved The areas of the body involved The size of the pupils and whether the eyes are open Whether the eyes or the head are turned to one side The presence or absence of automatisms Incontinence of urine or stool Unconsciousness and its duration Any obvious paralysis or weakness of arms or legs after the seizure Inability to speak after the seizure Movements at the end of the seizure Whether or not the patient sleeps or not afterwards Cognitive status after the seizure In addition to providing data about the seizure, nursing care is directed at preventing injury and supporting the patient not only physically but also psychologically. Consequences such as anxiety, embarrassment, fatigue, and depression can be devastating to the patient. After the patient has a seizure, the nurses role is to document the events leading to and occurring during and after the seizure to prevent complications. Explain what type of seizure the patient is having, and describe the three phases of the patients seizure and the specific nursing care for each stage. The patient had a tonic-clonic (gran mal) seizure. There are three phases namely the aura, the tonic and the clonic phase. In the aura phase is the forewarning of an epileptic attack. It characterized by episodes of Dà ©jà   vu or Jamais vu. The client may also have auditory, olfactory, or even visual hallucinations, abnormal tastes, and tingling sensations. Physical symptoms include dizziness, headache, lightheadedness, nausea, numbness. Though in this case, the client did not show signs of the aura phase. *Nsg Mgt: Provide privacy and protect the patient from curious onlookers Patients who have an aura may have time to seek a safe, private place Ease the patient to the floor, if possible Loosen constrictive clothing Push aside any furniture that may injure the patient during a seizure If an aura precedes the seizure, insert an oral airway to reduce the possibility of the patients biting the tongue The next is the tonic phase. It is usually the shortest part of the seizure, lasting not more than only a few seconds. In this case, it is when the patient had an epileptic cry, became unconscious and stiffened his entire body. *Nsg Mgt: Protect the head with a pad to prevent injury from striking a hard surface If the patient is in bed, remove pillows and raise side rails The last is the clonic phase. It is when the client had violent muscle contractions, very shallow respirations, the lips and nail beds became blue, lost control of bladder and bowel and bit his tongue. *Nsg Mgt: Do not attempt to pry open jaws that are clenched in a spasm or to insert anything. Broken teeth and injury to the lips and tongue may result from such an action. No attempt should be made to restrain the patient during the seizure because muscular contractions are strong and restraint can cause injury If possible, place the patient on one side with head flexed forward, which allows the tongue to fall forward and facilitates drainage of saliva and mucus. If suction is available, use if necessary to clear secretions. The ED physician orders the following: Valium (diazepam) 10 mg every 10 to 15 minutes prn for seizures (maximum dose of 30 mg). Once seizures stop, administer Dilantin (phenytoin) 10 mg/kg IVPB. ECG monitoring continuously, VS, GCS, neuro checks every 30 minutes. Explain what meds the nurse should provide, in what order, and how they should be administered. The nurse should provide Valium injection (diazepam) 10 mg IM PRN every 10 to 15 mins. (max 30mg) for his seizure to relief the muscle spasm. For the long term relief, administer Dilantin (phenytoin) 10 mg/kg IVPB loading dose STAT, once the seizures stop. Dilantin (phenytoin) is an anti-seizure medication (anticonvulsant), especially to prevent tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures and complex partial seizures (psychomotor seizures).We use piggyback to administer different IV drugs at different times. Dilantin can cause irritability to the veins and can cause serious tissue and/or nerve damage if it infiltrates. So we should administer it with normal saline. Draw up the drugs in a syringe and attach it to the piggyback port on the IV tubing cassette, which is run concurrently with the primary IV fluid (normal saline). Run it slowly and keep an eye on the ECG monitor. This ECG monitoring should be done continuously to help identify irregular heartbeats. For the vital signs, Glasgow coma scale and neuro V/S, it should be check every 30 minutes to provide reliable, objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment. Group Assignments Have each member address nursing management related to caring for an unconscious patient. Preventing Urinary Retention Palpate bladder at intervals to determine whether urinary retention is present If patient is not voiding, an indwelling catheter is inserted and connected to a closed drainage system as ordered Observe for fever and cloudy urine for infection Observe the area around the urethral orifice for any drainage As soon as consciousness is regained, a bladder-training program initiated Promote Bowel Function Assess abdomen for distention by listening for bowel sounds (irregular gurgling sounds should be heard every 5-20sec) Measuring the girth of the abdomen with a tape measure. Monitor for the number and consistency of bowel movements Perform rectal examination for signs of fecal impaction as ordered. Stool softeners may be prescribed and can be administered with tube feedings Glycerin suppository may be indicated to facilitate bowel emptying May require enema every other day to empty lower colon Maintain Skin and Joint Integrity Monitor pressure areas for possible ulcerations Establish a regular schedule of turning to avoid pressure, which can cause breakdown and necrosis of the skin This provides kinesthetic, proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation Avoid dragging and pulling the patient up in the bed, because this creates a shearing force and friction on the skin surface Maintain correct body position Passive exercise of the extremities is important to prevent contractures Splints or foam boots may be used to prevent foot drop and pressure of bedding on the toes Trochanter rolls may be used to support the hip joints and keep the legs in proper alignment Providing Mouth Care Inspect mouth for dryness, inflammation, and crusting Cleanse and rinse mouth carefully to remove secretions and crusts and to keep the mucous membranes moist Administer petrolatum on the lips to prevent drying, cracking and encrustations. If patient has an endotracheal tube, the tube should be moved to the opposite side of the mouth and lips Perform routine tooth brushing every 8hrs to decrease ventilator-associated pneumonia Maintaining the Airway Elevate the head of bed to 30 degrees to prevent aspiration. Place the client in lateral position to allow the jaw and tongue to fall forward to promote drainage of secretions. Suction for secretions as needed Maintain oral hygiene Chest physiotherapy and postural drainage to promote pulmonary hygiene Auscultate the patients chest every 8 hours to assess for any deviated breath sounds. If the patient has a mechanical ventilator, maintain the patency of the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy, provide oral care, monitor arterial blood gas measurements and maintaining ventilator settings. Protecting the Patient Raise side rails up as always to prevent injury Ensure the patients dignity during altered LOC, speaking to the client during nursing care activities. Maintaining Fluid Balance and Managing Nutritional Needs Assess skin turgor and mucous membrane for dryness Monitor for intake and output and determine the needs for catheterization Preserving Corneal Integrity Patients eyes may be cleansed with cotton balls moistened with sterile normal saline to remove any discharge. For artificial tears (prescription by the physician), may introduce every 2 hours. Maintaining Body Temperature The environment can be adjusted (depending on the patients condition) to promote normal body temperature. If body temperature is elevated, a minimum amount of bedding is used. For geriatric patients and doesnt have any elevated temperature, a warmer environment is needed. Providing Sensory Stimulation Communicate with patient, and encourage the family members to do it so. Orient the patient to time, date, and place once for every 8 hours. Have each group member develop a nursing diagnosis related to a patient with an altered level of consciousness. Identify potential problems and complications related to the nursing diagnosis. Nursing Diagnosis Potential Problems and Complications 1. Ineffective airway clearance related to altered level of consciousness Aspiration 2. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to prolonged immobility Bed sore Pressure ulceration 3. Impaired Urinary elimination: retention related to impairment in neurologic sensing and control Bladder distention Infection Formation of stones 4. Impaired tissue integrity of cornea related to diminished or absent corneal reflex Periorbital edema Ulcerations Corneal abrasions 5. Deficient fluid volume related to inability to take fluids by mouth Dehydration Cerebral edema 6. Interrupted family processes related to changes in the cognitive and physical status of their loved one Crisis Severe anxiety, denial, anger, remorse, grief, and reconciliation 7. Risk for injury related to decreased LOC Falls 8. Ineffective thermoregulation related to damage to hypothalamic center Hyperthermia 9. Impaired oral mucous membrane related to mouth breathing , absence of pharyngeal reflex and altered fluid intake Dryness Inflammation Crusting 10. Bowel incontinence related to impairment neurologic sensing and control Abdominal distention Diarrhea Frequent loose stools As a group, identify potential complications that may arise in the postoperative phase of cranial surgery. Increased ICP Monro-Kellie hypothesis states that, because of the limited space for expansion within the skull, an increase in any one of the components causes a change in the volume of the others.because brain tissue has limited space to expand, compensation typically is accomplished by displacing or shifting CSF, increasing the absorption or diminishing the production of CSF, or decreasing cerebral volume resulting to an increase ICP. Bleeding and hypovolemic shock An accumulation of blood under the bone flap (extradural, subdural, or intracerebral hematoma) may pose a threat to life. A clot must be suspected in any patient who does not awaken as expected or whose conditions deteriorates. Fluid and electrolyte disturbances IV solutions and blood component therapy for patients with intracranial conditions must be administered slowly. If they are administered too rapidly, they can increase ICP. The quantity of fluids administered may be restricted to minimize the possibility of cerebral edema. Infection The risk of infection is great when ICP is monitored with an intraventricular catheter and increases with the duration of the monitoring. Seizures Underlying cause is an electrical disturbance in the nerve cells in one section of the brain. An abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or physical activity that result from sudden excessive discharge from cerebral neurons. Have each group member identify a type of seizure. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of each. Generalized Seizures: This are seizures that mainly involves electrical charges in the whole brain, its clinical manifestations includes loss of consciousness for a short or long period of time. Types of Seizure Clinical Manifestation Grand Mal or Generalized tonic-clonic Unconsciousness Convulsions Muscle rigidity Absence Short loss of unconsciousness Myoclonic Irregular jerky movements Clonic Repetitive jerky movements Tonic Muscle stiffness and rigidity Atonic Loss of muscle tone Diagnosis: Physical examination particularly neurologic examination EEG For temporary and reversible causes of seizures: Blood chemistry Blood sugar Complete Blood Count Cerebrospinal fluid analysis Kidney function test Liver function tests Test to determine the cause and location: EEG (electroencephalograph) to measure the electrical activity in the brain Head CT or MRI scan Lumbar puncture-spinal tap Treatment: When a seizure occurs, protect the person from injury, make the environment safe for you and the patient. Protect the patients head Loosen tight clothing Place the patient into a side-lying position if vomiting occurs Stay with patient until she or he is fully recovered Monitor the patients vital signs Medications such as anticonvulsants may be given as ordered to reduce the number of future seizures. The DONTs During Seizures: Dont restrain the patient Dont place anything between the patients teeth during a seizure Dont move the patient unless he or she is in danger or near something hazardous Dont try to stop the patient from convulsing. Partial Seizures: This are seizures that mainly involves electrical charges in one part of the brain, its clinical manifestations includes abnormal muscle movements, automatisms, abnormal sensations, hallucinations, nausea, sweating, dilated pupils, rapid heart rate and pulse rate, changes in vision. Types of Seizure Clinical Manifestation Simple (consciousness is intact) Jerky movements Muscle rigidity, spasm Unusual sensation Memory and emotional disturbance Complex (consciousness is impaired) Automatisms: lip smacking, chewing, walking and repetitive involuntary and coordinated movements Diagnosis: CT scan MRI EEG EEG-video recordings Treatment: Vagus Nerve Stimulation in which a small battery is implanted in the chest wall which will program to deliver short bursts of energy to the brain. Corpus Callosotomy is a type of surgical intervention that will cut the connections between the two sides of the brain that will prevent drop attacks.. Multiple sub-pial transection which is a surgical technique that will cut a certain connection between nerve cells.

bloodmac Shakespeares Macbeth - Images and Imagery of Blood and Sleep

Blood and Sleep Imagery in Macbeth  Ã‚   Macbeth screams imagery!   Shakespeare uses imagery of blood and sleep   to create an atmosphere of horror, during the killing of Duncan, which contributes to our sense of Macbeth's growing insanity.   Eventually Lady Macbeth's final scene is enhanced with the use of blood imagery which reflects her guilt.   Shakespeare's use of imagery connects the feeling of horror from audience to play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth held such potential for himself. He was honoured Thane of Cawdor,   and who knows what else Duncan had in store for him.   Unfortunately he chose not to find out, by murdering the king.   The scene of Duncan's murder (II, ii) demonstrates the guilt and feeling that the blood diffuses into the air.   When he returns to his chamber Lady Macbeth notices that he has brought back the blood covered daggers with him.   She persuades him to bring them back to the scene of death, but he refuses by saying  Ã‚   " I'll go no more. I am afraid to think what I have done; Look on't again I dare not. " Lady Macbeth responds ruthlessly to her husband, " Infirm of purpose!   Give me the daggers.   The sleeping and the dead are but as pictures. 'Tis the eye of child hood that fears a painted devil.   If he do bleed, I'll gild the faces of the grooms withal, for it must seem their guilt."   Lady Macbeth tells her husband that he was acting like a child and went by herself to smear blood upon the kings grooms so it will seem like they did it.   Lady Macbeth returns from Duncan's chamber telling Macbeth that her hands are covered in blood just like his.   She encourages Macbeth to wash the blood from his hands to remove the evidence from their presence.   " My hands are of your color... I hear a knocking...A little... ... come, come, give me your hand!   What's done cannot be undone. To bed, to bed, to bed!"   Lady Macbeth is haunted by her guilt.   The blood that was shed disturbs her conscience so much that she can't hide from it. Works Cited and Consulted: Campbell, Lily B. "Macbeth : A Study in Fear." Readings on Macbeth. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. 126-35. Foakes, R.A. "Images of Death in Macbeth." In Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. Boston: Routledge, 1987. James IV of Scotland. "Daemonologie." In Minor Prose Works. Ed. James Craigie. Edinburgh: Scottish Text Society, 1982. Muir, Kenneth. "Introduction." In Macbeth. Ed. Kenneth Muir. New York: Routledge, 1992. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Kenneth Muir. New York: Routledge, 1992. Truax, E. "Imagery in Macbeth" Comparative Drama 23. 1990:359-76.

Experiment Gone Bad in Flowers for Algernon :: Flowers for Algernon Essays

Experiment Gone Bad in Flowers for Algernon One experiment was done on a mentally retarded person to try to raise his intelligence. The experiment worked, but after months, he came back to the state he orginally was at. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, by Daniel Keyes, this intelligence operation was done, and the patient was Charlie Gordon. After the operation, Charlie was very bright, but experienced loneliness, and physcological distress. Charlie was emotionaly upset because of his flashbacks from childhood, and because his intellegence grew faster then his emotional intellegence. After his operation, he slowly started getting flashbacks from different parts of his childhood. In many of them his mother would go off and start saying, "...He's normal! He's normal! He'll grow up like other people. Better than others." Charlie had dreams of how his mother was ashamed of him. His mother always thought her son was normal and would grow up and be somebody. Charlie's sister also ignored him. To her, Charlie was dumb and could not do anything. Charlie had dreams of his sister yelling at him and making fun of him. He also had memories of the night his parents took him to the Warren Home. He was terrified and his dad would never answer his questions. Charlie remembered his childhood and through his memories, he felt guilty for hurting his family. After the operation, in the bakery, he used to have friends. Friends that would talk to him and care about him. Charlie then realized that he had no friends but merely knew people that made fun of him. The bakery employees just liked him because they could blame their mistakes on Charlie. Then, they could not do this after the operation, so they all turned against Charlie. Charlie also found out about Nemur and Strauss, the men who preformed the operation. He realized they were not professionals, but two men that were taking a shot in the dark. Charlie felt like an expendable lab specimen. Thus, Charlie had lost his friends and knew now he was just a like a lab rat. He was starting to regress and thought about suicide to end his up and down life. He became irritable and edgy around people at the university. He would become mad at people very quickly and then yell at them. People stayed away from him because he was becoming a madman and was unpredictable. Experiment Gone Bad in Flowers for Algernon :: Flowers for Algernon Essays Experiment Gone Bad in Flowers for Algernon One experiment was done on a mentally retarded person to try to raise his intelligence. The experiment worked, but after months, he came back to the state he orginally was at. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, by Daniel Keyes, this intelligence operation was done, and the patient was Charlie Gordon. After the operation, Charlie was very bright, but experienced loneliness, and physcological distress. Charlie was emotionaly upset because of his flashbacks from childhood, and because his intellegence grew faster then his emotional intellegence. After his operation, he slowly started getting flashbacks from different parts of his childhood. In many of them his mother would go off and start saying, "...He's normal! He's normal! He'll grow up like other people. Better than others." Charlie had dreams of how his mother was ashamed of him. His mother always thought her son was normal and would grow up and be somebody. Charlie's sister also ignored him. To her, Charlie was dumb and could not do anything. Charlie had dreams of his sister yelling at him and making fun of him. He also had memories of the night his parents took him to the Warren Home. He was terrified and his dad would never answer his questions. Charlie remembered his childhood and through his memories, he felt guilty for hurting his family. After the operation, in the bakery, he used to have friends. Friends that would talk to him and care about him. Charlie then realized that he had no friends but merely knew people that made fun of him. The bakery employees just liked him because they could blame their mistakes on Charlie. Then, they could not do this after the operation, so they all turned against Charlie. Charlie also found out about Nemur and Strauss, the men who preformed the operation. He realized they were not professionals, but two men that were taking a shot in the dark. Charlie felt like an expendable lab specimen. Thus, Charlie had lost his friends and knew now he was just a like a lab rat. He was starting to regress and thought about suicide to end his up and down life. He became irritable and edgy around people at the university. He would become mad at people very quickly and then yell at them. People stayed away from him because he was becoming a madman and was unpredictable.

Implementation Of The Scalable And Agile Lifecycle Security For Applications (SALSA)

SALSA framework is a revised version of security approaches that were previously implemented in detection of security defects within web applications. In this case, SALSA framework will be implemented in monitoring of attack vectors that hinder appropriate application of operations. Further, ways in which stable situation of application system can be maintained after attack will be discussed. A system known as automated build has a great influence in SALSA framework’s operations since it necessitates a continuous practice once areas with attack vectors are fixed. There are also a couple of benefits that SALSA framework is recognized to possess which are mainly based on its overall effectiveness in monitoring attack vectors. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCALABLE AND AGILE LIFECYCLE SECURITY FOR APPLICATIONS (SALSA) Introduction SALSA is an approach that has the capability of checking attack vectors as well as keeping them through their cycle of development. SALSA approach is produced from the combined effort of two information technology organizations; SANS and the other Intrinsic Security. The design of SALSA is similar to development methodology that is already in existence. This contributes to its efficiency since minimal guidance is needed in order to operate it, as its implementation is very interactive. SALSA implementation can be carried out in conjunction with several other security tools in order to bring desirable results. In comparison to SDL, which is almost similar security approach that mitigates security errors within lifecycles of Web applications, SALSA is different as it provides more security practices. These additional practices are cost effective which enables them to be used in all lifecycle areas including development. SALSA frame facilitates solutions that are measurable as well as automatic and has the capability of being incorporated in development software that already exist in an organization. However, SALSA application is not aimed at taking the place of organization’s methodologies but to influence the way organizations make considerations of security within the applications’ environments as well as their management. Cockbum, 2008) Scalable and Agile Lifecycle Security for Applications (SALSA) Framework to Assist In Monitoring Attack Vectors on Applications Attack vectors constitute all application interfaces that are exposed which have shown need for continuous monitoring in order to protect them from being attacked. When attack vectors are not updated and managed accordingly, they are normally endangered by security threats that are constantly evolving due to great technological advancements. Attack applications that are already exposed have the possibility of being loaded with security threats directing computers connected with internet to dangerous sites known as malware. The process can also follow a reverse direction where malware may be directed to those computers connected to internet. This is dangerous to applications since they will become susceptible to defects which are discovered by end users. This is likely to affect the trust that a user may have previously developed towards a certain organization’s applications. (SALSA, 2009) In the present situation a technique that analyses attack surfaces and is recommended by SALSA will be applied regularly in order to enable uncovering of security threats during applications. This will form the first step which will be undertaken by developers as they carry out planning process in the course of application lifecycle. The checklist used will portray all worst practices that have any relevance to attack vectors attraction, which will be banned. They will be replaced by best practices including standard directory for this particular application whose applications are being managed as well as updated. Design documents will also undergo some adjustments where the name of a customer will be needed to accompany his/her security number as part of application details, which is contrary to previous situations where only security number is requested. This will provide more identity details for applicants, which will make it easy to identify worst sources. Since design phase fails to provide appropriate opportunities to enable automation, security checklists that make use of standard baseline will be of great importance. It will address this inefficiency by including some additional rules in the process. These rules point out that it is not necessary to provide sensitive data in one’s records such as numbers of social security as their provision may expose the data accidentally to parties that were not supposed to have its access. Another additional rule that will be included in automated security checklist is that applicants who must give details of their security numbers should consider encrypting when storing them in databases in order to avoid possible accidental exposure. In case security defects are detected in particular application phases, SALSA will encourage developers to conduct a review of design being implemented as well as its definition. Threat modeling, which is constituted in SALSA framework, will be conducted after some time in order to arrange application items in order of priority in terms of the ones that need immediate fixing and those requiring a later fixture. (Howard, 2009) After worst practices are detected and banned, the appropriate ones will take their place within applications. This is because it is the worst ones that act as vector attack sources and when monitoring using checklist is conducted leading to their removal, it will eventually reduce their attack vectors. Once appropriate security practices that do not show susceptibility to vector attacks are put in place, they need to be maintained such that they are kept up to date all through applications development cycle. Their maintenance will avoid cases of consequent attacks, which will involve identification of new practices that will appear during applications and are important to avoidance of attack vectors. The practice of analyzing attack surfaces will be integrated as one of design tasks within application design phases. Each phase within application lifecycle will have distinct security checklists, which will be incorporated in the maintenance and updating process. This will enable consistent checks for every interaction which is contrary to what takes place in SDL where securing checking is conducted on occasional basis. (Chess, 2007) Fixing of appropriate practices, that are not susceptible to attack vectors within application lifecycle will be followed by integration of the same security practices within automatic version of checklist. This will necessitate improvement of security of software in use where automated checking will be applied to both intra and extranets that comprise of sensitive data. An automated system will be able to conduct security checks for attack vectors automatically throughout application development. This process will continue as a routine during the entire lifecycle of this application. The practice of automated build will constitute several elements including limits of both complexity as well as metric measures. Several utilities included in the application software’s codebase will have a likelihood of producing metrics such as JavaNCSS. Other types of utilities like complexity number of Cyclomatic will be capable of producing complexity estimates of application software modules in use. These two measurements are of great importance to managers of this particular application project since they will be able to know when design review is required. For instance, in a case when software modules portrays high ratings of complexity. This is because the more complex a module for checking attack vectors is, the more difficult its maintenance process becomes. Complexity will result to a situation where accidental security errors will occur to coding during application development. These assessments will undergo automation in order that alerts are generated at the instance a module is found to exceed appropriate levels at which checking for attack vectors will be conducted. This will call for an immediate review of application’s design before complexity situation leads to a break down of the entire application. (SANS, 2009) Another constituting element of automated system will be code analysis which will also be in automated form. This involves analyses of codes from application sources using different languages in order to detect some errors whose failure to detection will cause adverse security implications. This kind of analyses is essential since once the distinct tools are identified in various languages, it becomes easier to apply them in application of automated system where attack vectors are checked. This will in turn reduce attack vectors and also improve overall quality of codes used in attack vector detection practice. Unit testing that is also automated will follow the analyses of automated code. This will necessitate a situation where automatic tests will be performed on areas where worst practices that have attack vectors are replaced with appropriate practices to avoid consequent attacks. This practice of testing will be conducted automatically since it is clear that consequent attack vectors are capable of causing security consequences that are unintended. These security consequences may involve data exposure in cases when application modules have already crashed. In cases where such attack vectors will be encountered, their attack surfaces will be replaced after which automated tests will be created to avoid similar breakdowns in future. Automated system also comprises of automated packaging, which will assist in configuration of entire application system. Automation of packaging practice will mitigate the number of human errors that may introduce attack vectors within application systems during its actual installation time. The practice of automated packaging will sum up implementation of SALSA framework in monitoring of attack vectors. (Howard, 2009) Benefits of the SALSA Framework SALSA framework that is normally based on a unique element known as automated build has a number of benefits which are also taken as its advantages over other approaches that were implemented in almost similar applications previously. Among its benefits is a situation where it has the capability of overcoming scalability challenges which requires automated build. The continuous protection provided by SALSA framework results to sustainable security that is accompanied by improvement of application system quality. Costs incurred in fixing software once it has broken down due defects such as those caused by attack vectors are reduced considerably since consistent checks are conducted to ensure that the system does not break down. Integration costs are also reduced a great deal since SALSA framework is made available in an already integrated form which do not need additional integration for it to work. SALSA framework reduces the possibility of human error occurring within lifecycle of applications for attack vector monitoring. Efforts required in actual verification of security standards as well as reduction of security defects like attack vectors, are also reduced. All these benefits of SALSA framework give it preference above other approaches in security applications. (Howard, 2009) Conclusion It is clear that; SALSA framework is a very effective and efficient approach that is applied in various security applications for websites. The main objective under which SALSA framework operates is continuous checking of security defects like the one under study. SALSA framework will be expected to give very good results in checking of attack vectors as well as maintenance of a situation that is free from attack vectors. The various elements of automated build will have a great contribution towards attainment if this situation as they will ensure a consistent operation throughout the lifecycle of this particular application. (Chess, 2007)