The Metamorphosis of Johnny Tremain :: Tremain

The Metamorphosis of Johnny Tremain Johnny Tremain is like a butterfly; he went through a transformation. Johnny Tremain is a book by Esther Forbes about a crippled boy during the American Revolution and the events he endures. Johnny Tremain was a very dynamic character because people and events affected him. People change main characters in many books. Johnny Tremain is no exception. In Johnny's case it was the Lyte and the Lapham families. Both the Lapham family and the Lyte family probably did not mean to change Johnny, but they did. Johnny was orphaned after his mother died but was able to stay in the Lapham's house and to be an apprentice to Mr. Lapham, an elderly silver smith who educated Johnny in this art. He was always Mr. Lapham's favorite because Johnny was the finest apprentice out of the three that were there until Dove, one of the apprentices, passed Johnny a cracked crucible. Johnny's thumb then got grown into his palm when he healed. After the injury, Mr. Lapham and the whole family found Johnny useless and queer (because of his thumb). " `Don't touch me! Don't touch me with that dreadful hand!' Issanah squealed." After then Johnny grasped the fact that he went from the top to the bottom in a matter of days. It taught him that nothing is forever. Furthermore, M rs. Lapham a widowed mother of four, was probably the cruelest Lapham of all, after he got crippled. She told him that he was only good for picking rags. She also virtually shooed Johnny out of the house. This made Johnny go find a better life outside of the Lapham's shop. It also taught him to be independent. There is usually more than one family that changes a dynamic character like Johnny. The Lyte family also helped Johnny in his transformation. The Lyte's are Johnny's rich relatives that claim they are not related to Johnny. Johnny has a silver cup to prove his relation, but the Lytes still deny any relation to Johnny and claim that he stole the cup from them. When Johnny was first looking for a job, he thought he could go to the Lytes and ask for some money.

Week Five Assignment

This type of entity will provide the control of a sole proprietorship while placing liability on the business rather than the individual. Fireworks have the potential to be dangerous, causing serious damage to both people ND property. The potential for liability associated with the use and/or manufacture of fireworks is unavoidable. â€Å"Any one of the following defects may expose the man effectuate to liability for injuries that are caused by their product: design defect, manufacturing defect and defect in marketing,† (McLaughlin, & Laurite, 2014).Liabilities associated with these defects include intentional torts, negligence and strict liability. The first step to avoiding an attack on personal assets is relocating operations to an area zoned for the manufacture of fireworks. No matter what the entity, the manufacture of explosives in a residential area will enable a liability protection to be pierced. An intentional tort will occur when the manufacturer sells a product tha t he knows is defective or dangerous of which injuries are certain to occur. In such cases, ACME has a duty to warn the consumer of potential harm.If ACME fails to provide warnings or recalls on its products, it can be held liable for battery to anyone injured by its products. According to a 1903 product liability case, a company is liable for failing to notify the buyer that the product is potentially dangerous, is effective, or negligence in the manufacture or sale of a dangerous product. See House v. J. I. Case Threshing Mach. Co. , 120 F. 865 (8th Cirri. 1903). Should a mishap occur during the manufacture, sale or storage; a sole proprietor will be liable for any and all property damage incurred to both himself and/or his neighbors.With a sole proprietorship there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business thus, he is at risk of losing personal assets in a lawsuit against the business. Should injury, death, or damage to property occur from intentionally manufactu ring or selling a ungenerous product, both the manufacturer and suppliers can be sued for unintentional injuries. This risk extends beyond the manufacture and supply of the fireworks; it also includes care in design and use. For instance, should a consumer purchase defective ACME Fireworks from a retailer and sustain injury to him and others, ACME can be sued.See Boeing Airplane Co. V. Brown, 291 F. Ad 310 (9th Cirri. 1961). â€Å"Strict liability in tort arises when someone suffers an injury not from anyone's willful negligent act, but rather by engaging in some intrinsically dangerous activity or, under certain resistances, through the manufacturing of unsafe products,† (Rogers, S. 2012). Courts today, rationalize strict liability by establishing the fact that manufacturers are better positioned to prevent risk of loss than, that Of the consumer. As such, it is the responsibility of the manufacturer to ensure their products are safe.In order to be strictly liable for a prod uct, the plaintiff must demonstrate that there is a defect, the defect was caused by the manufacturer and in turn, was the cause of injury. See Kerr v. Corning Glass, 169 N. W.. Ad 587 (Min. 1969). In order to determine Contract Viability, it s important to review the agreements between ACME and the retailers. Examine each contract carefully ensuring it contains five essential elements. The legitimacy of the agreements is dependent upon it containing an offer, acceptance, consideration legality and capacity.To further explain, an offer is an invitation to enter into a contract. If a company agrees to the terms outlined in the offer, they have then accepted the agreement. Once an agreement has been recognized, it must be established that both parties have intentions to enter into a legal binding contract. The considerations of his agreement are legal exchanges for services or products. For ACME Fireworks, this will include the prices paid for the fireworks and the amounts desired. In order to be legally binding, the cost of doing business must not be illegal and, the ability to perform must not be impossible.Finally, it must be determined that both parties have entered into the contract freely without coercion or duress. Additionally, the law prohibits contracts made with persons of diminished mental capacity and minors. The contract probability concerns itself with the performance specifications and acquirement of the agreement. Though the agreement appears to be viable, if it lacks a specific performance strategy, it will not have a future. The probability Of the agreement to remain in force will be dependent upon the period of performance and quantities desired during that period.Fireworks are seasonal whereby; a retailer agreeing to order large quantities on a regular basis is not realistic. There is no guarantee the quantities will remain consistent throughout the contract period. Additionally, ACME is concerned about failing to meet its contractual obliga tions should it not hire enough people. The basic questions that need to be addressed are: how and when to order, amounts to order and what happens if ACME fails to deliver? The owner is concerned that there will not be enough work for the additional employees once the initial orders have been filled.The terms and conditions of the contract will determine the type of employees ACME will hire. At-will employment provides no obligation of continuous employment once the orders have been filled. For this reason, the law allows an employer to terminate without just cause or reason. Generally, this rule is applied for seasonal work. ACME Fireworks has several options to consider in meeting contract demands, performance and productivity. By hiring temporary full-time associates, ACME can readily meet demands however; there is no incentive to maintain a standard of quality or productivity.Same is true for part-time associates as their hours are usually dictated by the needs or demands Of a business. Consideration for casual and day labor employees might prove useful. Casual employees typically work on an as needed basis and usually consist of single parents, college students or applicants seeking extra money. Temp Agencies provide labor on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. Typically, temp agency employees that excel are offered permanent positions within an organization. Hiring regular employees on a probationary basis will allow ACME the ability to meet the quality, performance and productivity of the contract.Generally a just-cause type of employment this employee is evaluated at the end of a specified period based upon certain criteria. If an employee fails to meet standards then they are usually let go. With the increase in business size and operation certain liabilities can raise concern. It is important to understand the differences associated with the different entities when choosing what best fits your organization. Whether choosing a Sole Proprietorship, a Pa rtnership, a Corporation or a Limited Liability Company, it is important to assess all the risks associated with the nature of the business.Currently, ACME Fireworks operates out of a garage and the owner enjoys complete autonomy over operations. Operating as a Sole Proprietorship, the business and the owner remain one and the same. This provides the highest risk of loss to personal assets. The disadvantage is that a sole proprietor has limited options for raising capital and no limits on liability for business debts; thus if the business does not fare well, the sole proprietor can face personal bankruptcy,† (Rogers, S. 2012).As a partnership, ACME Fireworks will share ownership with two or more people. â€Å"Partners are automatically owners and managers of the business, and the law presumes equal rights unless the partners have specified otherwise,† (Rogers, S. 2012). In a partnership, taxes are assessed on the earnings of the partners and not that of the business. Sh ould the company become party too lawsuit or is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations, the personal assets of all the partners can be used to satisfy a judgment by the court. Partners are not only liable for their own actions, but also for the business debts and decisions made by other partners. In addition, the personal assets of all partners can be used to satisfy the partnership's debt,† (SABA. Gob, 2014). Should ACME Fireworks consider a Corporation, it will become an independent legal entity. The owner(s) will then become shareholders which will limit their liability and legal responsibility. In order to remain free of any personal liability, the company must operate according to state corporation laws. If the corporate form of business organization is used to defraud creditors, stockholders will lose the protection of limited liability and will be held personally liable for all debts of the corporation,† (Rogers, S. 2012). Since a corporation requires the f iling of complicated forms, annual reports and fees, it can prove costly for a small company. Additionally, a corporation is double taxed whereby; the company pays taxes on its earnings and the shareholders pays taxes on dividends paid UT. A Limited Liability Company (LLC) provides the limited liability features of a Corporation but operates like a partnership or sole proprietorship.A LLC â€Å"typically features easier formation (although filing under the statute is required) and lower filing fees, flow-through taxation where members of a LLC are taxed on their earnings, but the business itself is not taxed, the stability of a corporation (a member's leaving will not dissolve the LLC), and limited liability, where the business is liable for its debts and the people who own it are not,† (Rogers, S. 2012). Since ACME Fireworks is a small business with a single owner, a LLC will provide a low cost alternative that provides limited protection of personal assets.Unlike like a cor poration, the taxes, profits and losses are passed through to each member of the LLC. Members are protected from personal liability for the actions and decisions Of the LLC. However, in the case of wrongful or illegal acts, the limited liability can be pierced and personal assets can be assessed. Additionally, it is important to separate business funds from personal funds. Should ACME use a personal ann. account to pay its creditors, they can in turn pierce the limited liability and seize the owners' personal funds. The Federal Government does not recognize a LLC as a separate entity as in a corporation.As such, the owner(s) of ACME Fireworks will file their shared earnings on their personal income tax. If the LLC is a single owner operation, income will be reported on a Schedule C just like that of a sole proprietorship. Should there be more than one member sharing in the profits and losses, a form 1 065 will be filed as is done in a Partnership. The entire net income of the LLC mu st be accounted or in the filings of all members involved. The owner of ACME Fireworks has asked for advices in choosing an entity that would provide the least risk to personal assets, should he fail to meet his contractual obligations.It is important for ACME Fireworks to understand the risks associated with the nature of the business. In assessing the current operation, ACME Fireworks operates out of a garage and currently employs approximately 15 people. The liabilities associated with the manufacture of dangerous materials poses a high risk to personal assets should a mishap occur. Before engaging rather, ACME must consider relocating to meet both local and state zoning laws. Additionally, Federal OSHA standards must be in place in order to release the owner of allegations associated with safety, wrong doing, or negligence.The law provides certain protections associated with All's and Corporations. As a sole-proprietor, ACME Fireworks and the owner are one in the same. Should th e company fail in its obligations or fail to warn and/or injure a consumer, the owner is held personally liable. If ACME is to pursue a partnership, the partners share in the personal liabilities of the company. For he production of what is considered dangerous materials (fireworks), the risks associated with injuries from product liability to manufacture are substantial.The company IS liable for intentional torts, negligence and strict liability as such; neither a sole-proprietorship nor partnership is suggested. As a manager of ACME Fireworks, would recommend the company pursue a Limited Liability Corporation. According to the Small Business Administration, â€Å"Members are protected from personal liability for business decisions or actions of the LLC,† (SABA. Gob, 2014). Essentially, if the LLC becomes party to a suit or is unable to fulfill its obligations, members enjoy the same protections as that of shareholders in a corporation.However, as a limited liability company , they are not exempt from litigation involving wrongful acts by its members or employees. In a LLC, the owner will retain control over the company as in a sole-proprietorship and lessens the risk of personal liability. The owner is also concerned with ACME's ability to meet either contractual obligations or make payroll. The LLC would provide the protections it needs without relinquishing control to a Board of Directors, as in a corporation. Without knowing the specific terms and conditions of the agreements, it is difficult to ascertain viability and validity.

The Costs Of Healthcare For The Homeless Population

Our Innovation Our proposed innovation will decrease the costs of healthcare for the homeless population in the inner city that suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our proposed innovation is an internal capnography chip. The chip sends a signal to the local health department that will be able to monitor the respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic status of homeless individuals. The internal chip will have a global positioning system (GPS) to locate the patient when the capnography is showing increased respiratory distress. Capnography provides a quantitative reading and a graphic waveform that measures the patient’s exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2). The byproduct of metabolism in the human body is carbon dioxide; it is diffused into the blood and transported to the lungs. The alveoli in the lungs eliminate it from the body. This process provides the healthcare provider with valuable information on the health status of the individual. Capnography provides quic k and accurate information on the ventilator, circulatory and metabolic function of the patient in real-time (Brandt, 2010). Capnography will allow the medical team to monitor the presence and severity of bronchospasm and if the patient is following the treatment plan for exacerbations. If the patient isn’t showing signs of improvement, emergency medical services (EMS) can be sent to the location to provide additional support. Along with COPD, metabolic conditions can be effectively monitored inShow MoreRelatedThe Costs On Healthcare For The Homeless Population1990 Words   |  8 PagesOur Innovation Our proposed innovation will decrease the costs on healthcare for the homeless population in the inner city that suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our proposed innovation is an internal capnography chip. The chip sends a signal to the local health department that will be able to monitor respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic status of the homeless. The internal chip will have a global positioning system (GPS) to locate the patient when the capnography is showingRead MoreLegal Factors Of An Urban Institute1683 Words   |  7 Pageseligible populations, the Congressional Budget Office has projected that only eight million will enroll in the first year (2014) and only 11 million two years after implementation (Congressional Budget Office, 2013). Issue Statement How can state legislatures improve access to care for the homeless population? Stakeholder Due to the magnitude of this issue there have been several interest groups, for the expansion of Medicaid. Stakeholders include advocacy groups such as, the Homeless Health CouncilRead MoreEssay on Barriers to Healthcare for the Homeless Population1432 Words   |  6 PagesBarriers to Healthcare for the Homeless Population Dana Duggan University of Phoenix Sheila De Vaugh, APRN, BC August 3, 2009 Introduction A homeless person is defined as someone â€Å"who lacks a fixed, regular adequate night time residence or a person who resides in a shelter, welfare hotel, transitional program or place not ordinarily used as regular sleeping accommodations, such as streets, movie theaters, cars, abandoned buildings, etc.† (Cone, 2008, p. ). Homelessness is a growing problemRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Of The United States1616 Words   |  7 Pagesincome, homeless, and uninsured individuals (Hwang et al., 2010). The government has recognized the lack of healthcare for these individuals. For many years, politicians have been struggling to enact a healthcare reform. Finally, in March 2010 the Affordable Care act was written into law (Hammer, Phillips, Schmidt, 2010). There have been many debates on the pros and cons and how effective this act will be at achieving the goal. These debates raise the question, should poor or homeless individualsRead MoreSample Grant Proposal Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesGrant Proposal Robert Breedlove III Faculty: Allison Butler NUR 465: Population Health: Local, National, and Global approaches April 28, 2015 The student name indicated on this title page signifies that the author has read and understands the IWU Honesty Policy as outlined in the Student Handbook and IWU Catalog. Affixing this statement to the title page certifies that no cheating or dishonest use of information has occurred in completing this assignment. The work submitted is originalRead MoreVulnerable Population and Self Awareness Paper1620 Words   |  7 Pageshead: VULNERABLE POPULATION AND SELF Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper: Substance Abuse Lesley Pyron University of Phoenix Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper Effective healthcare is dependent on understanding vulnerable individuals and populations with respect to biases and prejudices of healthcare providers. According to de Chesnay (2008), â€Å"Vulnerability is a general concept meaning susceptibility, and its specific connotation in terms of healthcare is at risk for healthRead MoreHealth Care Analysis1113 Words   |  5 PagesAlice Lam POLS 110 David Kelly November 16 Extending the Health Coverage to 30 The United States of America has been struggling to resolve the issues of its health care system for decades. The cost of healthcare is high, the quality and access to health care are relatively affected. America has a highly developed health care system, which is available to all people. Although it can be very complex and frustrating at times, it has come a long way from the health care organizations. The boomerang generationRead MoreShould Poor Or Homeless Individuals Be Required Pay For Healthcare Insurance?1592 Words   |  7 Pagesoverall inadequacy of healthcare for low income, homeless, and uninsured individuals (Hwang et al., 2010). For many years the government has recognized the lack of care and have been struggling to enact a healthcare reform. Finally, in March 2010 the Affordable Care act was written into law (Hammer et al., 2010). There have been many debates on the pros and cons and how effective this act will be at achieving the goal. These debates raise the questio n, should poor or homeless individuals be requiredRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Population1401 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of homeless people; this situation has been highly overlooked by media and political attention. Cities in many parts of the world may be known as centers for poverty whether if it s a developed or developing country. No city, state, or country is prone to homelessness. Los Angeles in particular is an entry point for many immigrants who come to look for jobs. The intentions are not to cause there to be a vulnerability to poverty but to try to make a living some how. â€Å"Skid Row homeless populationRead MoreAnalysis of the Homeless Family in America1728 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Homeless Family in America Introduction While homelessness may be an issue that is so far from the minds of the average American family, the truth remains that the current homelessness statistics in America suggest that the issue of homelessness is far more average than one could ever imagine. As of January 2012, The National Alliance to End Homelessness published a series of reports that listed the number of homeless Americans at 636,017 with a rate of homelessness at 21 homeless people

Nics Have Been and Continue to Be the Driving Force of...

NICs have been and continue to be the driving force of globalisation. Discuss. An NIC stands for a Newly Industrialised Country. It is a term used to describe a country that has moved away from an agriculture-based economy and into a more industrialised, urban economy. These countries have a high growth rate. Current NICs include China, India, Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey. The average growth rate between these countries is approximately 7.64% compared to the world average of 3.7% (2011). The average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for these NICs is US$10,769 compared to the world average GDP per capita of US$12,000. GDP is a useful indicator of development and a great measure for†¦show more content†¦TNCs dominate industrial production including manufacturing and services, therefore further dividing the gap between the rich and the poor, and being the main leader of globalisation as a consequence. TNCs work to meet the demand for its good from HICs. For example, Toyota, like many other TNCs undertakes much of its manufacturing in LICs in order to meet the high and constant demand from HICs. Manufacturing in LICs is preferred as it provides these large companies with cheap labour. Toyota was recorded as the fifth largest TNC in 2010. It has 51 overseas manufacturing companies in 26 countries and regions, it has Design and Research and Development centres in the USA, Japan, Belgium, the UK, France, Thailand and Australia, and its headquarters are in Japan. Globalisation inevitably increases pressure to liberalise trade and to eliminate tariffs and non-trade barriers. Liberalisation of trade within OPEC clearly resulted in China (an NIC) for example, gaining a comparative advantage over the US (MIC) in the manufacture of machinery products. Globalisation has also been a resulting factor for the dramatic increase in technology. Bangalore, in the Silicon Valley of India is experiencing a remarkable IT boom, that is transforming the prospects of India’s economy. The internet is the fastest growing tool of communications. It took just 4 years for the internet to reach 50 million years, in contrast to the

The Existence of Heterosexism Among Social Work Students...

Research oriented scholars in the field of social work have been concerned with the inadequacies of the use of research with practitioners (Rubin Parrish, 2007). Social workers have tended to rely on supervisors and authorities for guidance in their practice instead of utilizing research studies (Mullen Bacon, 2004). In recent years, evidence based practiced has been the latest attempt to bridge the gap between practice and research in social work education (Rubin Parrish, 2007). Students of social work education will need to be able to comprehend research articles, analyze their faults, and utilize them in practice. The problem that is examined in this research study is the existence of heterosexism among social work students†¦show more content†¦The last theme that came from the literature review is the rate of heterosexism among social work professionals. The small amount of research that is available on heterosexism is contradictory (Brownlee et al., 2005). One to pic that could have been present through the literature review is the overall attitude and belief that Canadians have towards homosexual relationships. It would be difficult for social workers practicing in Canada to have positive feelings towards homosexuality if their values and government practices re-enforced heterosexism. Another topic that might have been of benefit in the literature review is the prevalence of homosexuality in Canada. Are there a high percentage of gay men and lesbians living in Canada? Are there instances of homophobia among practicing social workers? Are there people who are homosexual that are being discriminated against the helping profession? The authors did make their case for the importance of heterosexism among social work students (Brownlee et al., 2005). These students, upon graduation, will become professionals in the field. They will encounter many forms of diversity, including sexual orientation. Students of social work need to become aw are of their attitudes and beliefs with different types of diversity in order to develop the skills to work with a variety of people. The authors would have made a stronger case for the problem of heterosexism among social work students if they hadShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality : The Issue Of Homosexuality Essay2033 Words   |  9 Pagesto live their lives with many mental illnesses and thoughts of feeling alone and like they do not belong in this world. According to Religious Tolerance, â€Å"approximately 1,488 suicides per year are committed by homosexual youth.† The discrimination among this minority is still very bad today, but nothing compared to multiple years ago when people used to kill others for being homosexual. The constant discrimination and alienation against the LGBT+ community has caused a large majority to develop mentalRead MoreBlack Lesbian And Gay Families7002 Words   |  29 Pagesleadership on Black social justice issues, this article will demonstrat e the value of Black lesbian gay families towards the larger goal of strengthening all Black families and communities. Keywords: African-American, Marriage Equality, gay, lesbian, youth, family, What is Marriage Equality? Marriage equality is equity in the availability to all Americans, the civil rights and protections afforded by marriage. In contemporary parlance, marriage equality has centered on both the social justice movementRead MoreMaking Sence of Homonegativity10662 Words   |  43 PagesDiscrimination toward Gay Men LISA MARGARET JEWELL AND MELANIE ANN MORRISON Downloaded by [University of Technology Sydney] at 08:57 03 May 2013 University of Saskatchewan, Department of Psychology, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Homonegativity is a social force that deleteriously affects the lives and well-being of gay men and lesbian women. To date, however, research has shed little light on the reasons and justiï ¬ cations heterosexuals may give for engaging in homonegativity. Drawing on a series ofRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 Pagescalled transitioning, is the process of changing the way someones gender is lived publicly and can be a complex process. People who wish to transition often start by expressing their gender identity in situations where they feel safe. They typically work up to living full-time in a different gender, by making gradual changes to their gender expression. Connecting with other transgender people through peer support groups and transgender community organisations is also very helpful for people when they

American Religion Free Essays

Religion might be considered as a means or method of expressing ones belief in and devotion to a being or entity that transcends the human individual. The idea of an American religion is sustainable to a certain degree, as historically the nation has been subject to the developing influence of certain traditional religious groups. However, because of the splintering of religion as well as the desire to keep the nation free from religious tyranny, it has also been apparent that the United States exists without any governing or unifying religious requirement. We will write a custom essay sample on American Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, if one considers religion to be expressed through belief in and devotion to a particular being, entity, or idea, then the United States might be seen to be populated by a group of persons who devote themselves to several different ideologies, so that no single American religion exists. Yet despite these dissenting views, when one judges by the underlying sentiments of the majority of the nation toward non-Protestant religions, as well as the existence of elected or appointed officials of the Protestant arm of Christianity in governmental positions, it might be said that the overarching religion of the United States is in fact Protestant Christianity. The United States was first populated in the seventeenth century by Pilgrims and Puritans who sought liberation from tyrannical oppression specifically through the freedom to practice their non-conformist Protestant religion (Seelye, 58). These persons sought to build a community based on the religious practices they desired the freedom to perform. The fact that these advocates of the Christian religion were founders of the American nation gives credence to the idea that the American religion is steeped in Christianity. Certainly, the laws that govern the society are based on many laws advocated by the religion. The actions of the American settlers during and subsequent to the time of the Pilgrims also point toward Protestant and Non-Conformist Christianity being the religion of the United States. Expansion was often effected through the missionary efforts of Americans, who acted in the name of Christianity as well as of the United States. Other factors that lead to the idea of Protestantism as being the religion of America are the prevailing fear and distrust of Catholicism that has existed within the country throughout its years (Carty, 11). This fear has been seen in several areas, but is markedly represented in the sentiments surrounding the election to the U. S. presidency of John F. Kennedy (11). This president was known to be a Catholic, and during his candidacy, his affiliation with that religion was widely considered a significant barrier to his election. Father Thurston Davis, editor-in-chief of the Jesuit magazine America, made a telling comment concerning JFK and the religious sentiments of the general American population. He said Kennedy had been found to conduct himself â€Å"more or less as almost any Catholic President might have been expected to conduct himself in a land largely dominated by a strong residual Protestant tradition† (â€Å"Catholic view,† 1962). Other politicians and leaders, such as Eleanor Roosevelt, have been known to oppose American governmental support of Catholic schools (Carty, 69), and this too gives the impression that Protestantism might be considered America’s religion. It is also possible to oppose the idea of Christianity or any other religion as being the religion of the American state. It has been argued that the United States constitution forbids the imposition of religion of any sort upon an individual residing in the country (Young). Therefore, no form of religion should, according to the American constitution, be required in schools, courts, or any other governmentally run or chartered institution. This gives the impression that the United States has no particular religion, as this separation of church and state was mandated in an effort to preserve the practice of all varieties of religion within the country. However, one may still counteract this idea of America’s not entertaining Christianity as its state religion when one considers the continued existence of chaplains in Congress and in the military. This points to the existence of a double standard, and hints that although America pretends to be welcoming of all religions and partial to none, a strong undercurrent of devotion to the peculiarly Protestant brand of Christianity still exists within the country. According to John Young in his essay entitled â€Å"Why Does Congress Still Have a Chaplain,† James Madison â€Å"had warned way back when that Catholics and other non-Protestants had virtually no chance of serving in such a capacity. Since then, only two Catholics have been House chaplain. No Jews. No Hindus. No Muslims. No Buddhists. No surprise. † Young expresses the idea that since so many Americans are at least nominally or traditionally affiliated to Protestant organizations, the existence of any chaplain in the U. S. Congress would lead to the appointment of mainly the religious representatives of Protestant Christianity to fill that position. Since this has proven to be the case, one might argue that despite opinions to the contrary, the official American religion is in fact Protestant Christianity. The separation of church and state, which is considered to be advocated by the United States Constitution, points toward America’s having no official religion. The fact that prayer and Bible reading is now restricted within schools and other governmental institutions would give the impression that Christianity is certainly not the religion of choice for most Americans. Yet, America was founded by a group of people whose main reason for crossing the Atlantic was to garner the freedom to practice their Protestant religion. Furthermore, the existence of strong anti-Catholic sentiments throughout the country and the continued existence chaplain positions in governmental bodies defies this idea. This points instead to the presence of a deeply Protestant tradition to which most Americans adhere. References Carty, T. A Catholic in the White House? Religion, politics, and John. F. Kennedy’s presidential campaign. New York: Palgrave-MacMillan, 2004. â€Å"Catholic view of JFK. † Time (in partnership with CNN). 19 January 1962. 29 April 2007. http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,895853,00. html Seelye, John. Memory’s Nation: The Place of Plymouth Rock. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Young, John. â€Å"Why Does Congress Still Have a Chaplain. † Sun Networks. December 1999. 29 April 2007. http://www. sunnetworks. net/~ggarman/young. htm How to cite American Religion, Papers

Ann Petrys The Street free essay sample

An analysis of the novel The Street by Ann Petrys: in the African-American naturalistic tradition. This paper examines the Ann Petry novel `The Street.` It describes the story of the female African-American heroines life as a single mother in Harlem. The paper demonstrates Petrys use of her main character to explore the limitation of the American capitalist system, when issues of gender and race are concern. The author writes that the novel is a tragic reality of the sufferings of African-American people in one of the most prosperous capitalist societies of the world. The paper describes how the novel is American naturalistic tradition through the depiction of real life on the streets of Harlem. `Ann Petrys The Street is a story about Lutie Johnson, an intelligent, strong, and beautiful black woman who does her best to raise an eight-year-old son as a single parent, advance in her job, and work her way out of the Harlem streets. We will write a custom essay sample on Ann Petrys The Street or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Petry uses Lutie Johnson as a medium to explore the limitations of the American capitalist system; the role of race and gender in perpetuating violence, poverty and failure; and the societal restrictions that restrict and oppress the female gender, especially black women. `